Parasites - this is the name of one of the most common groups of infectious diseases.Today, about 300 parasites are known, which are a danger to humans, including a fatal one.On the territory of the European continent, these are only a few dozen parasites (medical name - helminthias, helminthic invasion).
The largest part of parasites relevant to humans is common in countries with tropical and subtropical climate, as well as a low level of socio-economic development and sanitary culture.
What are the dangerous parasites
Parasites in the human body can affect almost any system of organs.The degree of damage depends on the type of helminth, the duration of the disease, the initial state of health.The sooner the diagnosis of specific helminthic invasion is established, the more chances to quickly get rid of the parasite.That is why it is important to timely diagnose the condition of invasion with parasites and perform all stages of treatment.
Almost any variant of helminthiasis, especially for a long time, causes significant harm to the human body.Hlybon invasion is the reason for the delay in psycho-motor development in children of any age, significantly reduces the performance and life reserves in an adult.
Regardless of a person’s age, helminthic invasion contributes to allergicization, reduces the ability of the immune system to resist infectious and other diseases, in addition, the effectiveness of the ongoing vaccine prophylaxis is significantly reduced.
The cleansing of the body of parasites in rare cases occurs spontaneously, in most cases, a specific treatment is necessary for this according to a certain scheme.
What are parasites
Parasites (they are also worms or worms) are an extensive group of multicellular complexly arranged organisms that can exist for a long time in an active state in various conditions.An important feature is the ability to exist within another living organism (person or animal), which is called "invasion".
Currently, various types of parasites in the human body are known.The most common classification of parasites depending on their external structure and the features of the life cycle.
Given the biological features, all parasites are divided into 3 large classes:
- Round worms (they are also nematodes), for example, trichinella, ankylostoma, pin, ascaris;
- ribbon worms (they are also cestodes), for example, alveococcus, echinococcus, tape wide, bull -clinical tapeen, pork and dwarf;
- Supers (they are also tremontodes), for example, opistorch, fasciol, clonorch.
In addition, like many other diseases, parasitic diseases differ:
- by severity;
- by the leading syndrome, that is, which system of organs is damaged to a greater extent;
- by the presence and nature of complications;
- By the possible outcome of the disease.
Features of parasites
Stage of development
Parasitic diseases are characterized by a number of differences associated with the features of parasites and their life cycle.
The number of adults of parasites in the human body does not increase, provided there are no new infection.For the implementation of the life cycle, most parasites require a change of habitat (animal body, soil, etc.).
For any parasite, the stages of development are typical.Throughout the life cycle, helminth passes a number of consistently changing stages of development.As a rule, the parasite egg is transformed into a larva and further into an adult individual.The reverse development does not occur, the egg cannot immediately go to the stage of an adult.
The parasite penetrates the human body at one stage of its life cycle, and goes outside into another.It is with this moment that the non -treatment of the practical persons of human parasitic diseases is associated.That is, it is impossible to become infected with a majority of parasitic diseases in direct contact with an infected person.
Possible paths of penetration into the human body
With many types of parasites, a person can meet anywhere - they are not visible to the naked eye.The following options are most likely:
- the oral path, that is, with non -compliance with personal hygiene, the use of dirty or thermally unprocessed products;
- The percutaneous path, that is, larvae or adults of parasites penetrate the human body through damage to the skin, when contacting water or soil, with the participation of blood -sucking insects.
Most of the parasites that affect the human body live in it only in the adult stage, mainly within the digestive tract.These are the so -called intestinal parasites (helminths).They, in turn, are divided into 2 groups in accordance with some features.
The intestinal parasites of the first group enter the human body in the form of an egg.In the digestive tract, they are transformed into an adult individual.The movements of such parasites (pinworms, a wide ribbon, pork and bull tapeworm) are limited only by different departments of the digestive tract.
Representatives of the second group (their larvae or eggs) perform significantly longer and complex migration according to various tissues and organs of the human body.Only after that is an adult individual of the parasite formed.It is clear that the symptoms of such parasitic diseases are much more diverse, since the process of migration is associated with significant changes in the body.
Parasites, which at the stage of an adult or larvae are located outside the digestive tract are called tissue.If in the human body a parasite exists only at the stage of larvae, then a person for him is an ecological dead end, which Helmint cannot leave.
Features of the life cycle of parasites
To know how to get rid of parasites in the body, it is necessary to represent their life cycle in general terms.This knowledge also helps to prevent parasites from entering the human body.
In accordance with the features of the life cycle, all parasites are divided into:
- geo parasites;
- contagious helminthoses;
- Bio helminthiasis.
To implement the life cycle of geo parasites (Vlasov, a non -core), it is necessary that the eggs are a certain period of time in the soil.In the future, with direct contact with dirty soil, the use of insufficiently washed vegetables, through dirty hands, parasites penetrate the human body.
In contagiosteal parasites (pinworms, dwarf tabbells), all stages of development occur only in the human body, without a change in the environment.Only these types of parasitic diseases are transmitted directly from person to person.It is also possible, especially in childhood, cases of re -auto -generation, that is, from oneself in case of non -compliance with hygiene rules and skills.
The most complex life cycle in the so -called biogelmintosis.A prerequisite for the implementation of their life cycle is the presence of an intermediate host.A person can be either an intermediate or the final master.For example, with echinococcosis, a person is an intermediate host, and dogs and cats are final.In the case of a tusherinchosis, on the contrary, representatives of cattle are intermediate hosts, and a person is final.
Symptoms of parasites
The clinical signs of parasites, on the one hand, are determined by the predominant damage to a particular organ, on the other hand, they have general features that allow us to distinguish an acute and chronic stage of a parasitic disease.
The acute phase of a parasitic disease corresponds to the migration stage of developing helminths.It is manifested by such clinical signs as allergic and general toxic reactions (ascariasis, schistosomosis, fasciolesis, trichinellosis).
The immunological component has a significant weight in the development of the acute phase of parasitosis, forms a certain stereotype of the clinical picture and some similarities with other immunological reactions of non -infectious nature - drug, allergic dermatitis and others.
The hidden period with most parasitosis is several weeks, is reduced to 7-10 days with a massive version of infection and lengthens with poor-intensity.
The main symptoms of parasitic diseases are as follows:
- increasing body temperature - from subfebrile to very high;
- pain in the muscles and joints, various durations and intensity;
- the formation of a rash on the entire surface of the skin, different in size and intensity, accompanied by skin itching;
- Significant edema of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, less often - mucous membranes;The most typical for trichinellosis, which gave the disease a characteristic popular name “puffy”;
- the development of pulmonary syndrome, namely, night coughing, astmitoid states, the formation of pneumonia with a migrating focus of damage;
- the development of the abdominal syndrome, which is characterized by moderate abdominal pain, liquid stool without impurity of mucus and blood;
- In severe cases, damage to the central nervous system and heart is observed;
- A distinctive feature of helminthiasis is changes in peripheral blood: pronounced leukocytosis and significant eosinophilia (up to 30-40%).
In treatment at the stage of the acute phase of the drugs from parasites in the human body, the most effective.
At the stage of the chronic phase of parasitic diseases, the damaging effect is determined by the type of adult parasite.The adverse effect on the human body is associated:
- greater toxic and less allergic effects;
- mechanical damage to tissues in the parasitization zone (for example, liver echinococcosis);
- the absorption of nutrients, a violation of metabolic processes, the development of anemia and cachexia;
- severe anemia;
- increased irritability and excitability of a person;
- It is possible to join the secondary infection and dysbiosis, the weight of the course of other infectious and non -infectious diseases, as well as pregnancy.
The duration of the existence of individual parasites is different - from several days and weeks (cutters) to many years.After a parasitic disease, re -infection is possible, since immunity is not formed.Therefore, one -time cleaning of the body from parasites does not protect against a repeated episode of the disease.
Treatment of parasites
Classical drug therapy of parasitosis in present has achieved significant success.The introduction into the clinical practice of compounds of benzimidazole and imidazole made it possible to successfully treat many types of helminthias.
These drugs have a wide spectrum of exposure, small toxide with a brief course of treatment, for adults and children are convenient to use.The corresponding age of the dosage of drugs should be observed.
How to cleanse the body of a specific parasite, which treatment regimen to choose and which drug is decided by the doctor.It is not recommended to prevent helminthiasis on personal initiative, as addiction to medicines develops, that is, a decrease in their effect.
Cleansing of parasites
With parasitosis, treatment with folk remedies is no less popular than the means of traditional medicine.Supporters of the natural tools for parasitic diseases focus on the safety and universality of such therapy.There is a lot of a prescription of traditional medicine, which allows you to quite effectively cope with parasites in the human body.The following options for eliminating parasites in the human body are most famous:
- coriander and pumpkin seeds as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for parasites;
- alcohol tincture on chanterelles combined with white mushrooms;
- a decoction of pine cones;
- Tincture of green walnuts.
Any folk remedies for parasites should be made in compliance with the recipe and clean hands.Before choosing a particular recipe, it is important to make sure that a person does not have an allergy to the ingredients that are part of the medicine.
How to protect yourself from parasites
It is both easy and difficult at the same time.Several simple rules will help minimize the risk of infection with any parasite:
- thoroughly washing hands;
- the right habit of using an individual set of dishes;
- Thoroughly process any meat and fish thermally, with caution use dried and salty fish and meat people;
- treat vegetables and fruits with boiling water (after washing in running water);
- Always wash your hands with soap after communicating with animals (even domestic).
Parasite infection at any age is an unpleasant problem, but completely eliminating the early treatment.